Jugular compression syndrome with neuro symptoms

I am a 53 y/o female with chronic morning headaches relieved by getting out of bed. BMI=24.

In ~mid-2020 I started to experience right eyelid swelling that would wake me up in the middle of the night. I also felt that I could not see out of the right eye. I saw Ophthalmology for this and was found to have anormal exam. Was also having paresthesias in various limbs.

Toward the end of 2020, I started feeling like I was being smothered and would wake up in a panic to sit up, as I thought my heart was going to stop beating. I felt that my face was getting swollen and therefore I had imaging to make sure I didn’t have a mediastinal mass. CT chest was unremarkable. I then started waking up feeling a lot of pressure in my face and I would have to sit up to “drain” the blood out of my face. I started to sleep upright (30-45 degrees). I noticed that if my chin fell toward my chest, symptoms of feeling like my heart would stop beating if I did not sit up were much worse. The best way I describe this is that I felt that no blood was getting to my heart or circulating. I would wake up in a panic and sitting up would relieve this sensation.

A couple years after, I was also having pulsatile tinnitus if I slept in certain positions and this would indicate to me that I needed to lay on my back. Turning my head to the right caused a sensation of pressure (not really pain). I wake up many times to reposition/“drain my face” in order to avoid the headaches and tinnitus. After extensive internet searches about my symptoms, I came across the diagnosis of Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression.

I have seen two neurologists, rheumatology, 2 ophthalmologists, 2 ENTs, and an audiology. Tomorrow I see Dr. Hepworth, next week Dr. Fargen and then Dr. Hui in August.

Summary of my symptoms:
2020-2023:

-Eyelid swelling at night started in mid 2020. Felt like my eyelid was glued shut. I had to physically open my right eye some nights. When I opened the eye I felt that I could not see well out of my right eye. Standing up relieved these symptoms.

-Feeling that blood stays in my face/pressure over maxillary sinuses. This caused me to have to mouth breathe. I could hear my heart beat in my head if I lay on my side.

-I had to start sleeping sitting up with head turned to the left side and head back in order to avoid pressure in my face. I would sleep a few hours at a time before I needed to sit up and reposition. This relieved the visual disturbance issues and decreased the eyelid swelling.

-Dizziness when standing up during the night during an episode of facial congestion

-Numb arms. Sometimes numb legs at night

-Headaches which have improved since sleeping sitting up w my head back and slightly to the left. Headaches are on my temples and anterior maxillary region.

-Pressure when I turn my head to the right and look down—eye seems to swell in that position if I fall asleep. At one point, this head position would cause my upper eyelid to visibly twitch and I was unable to fully open the right eyelid (August 2022). Nowlooking down and to the right causes dizziness and I feel like I will pass out.

-I would wake up in a panic feeling that I had to sit up or I will die. It felt like my heart rate was so low that my heart could stop beating. Symptom relief when I would sit/stand up. I could feel the blood draining from my face

-Right tongue numbness (tip of my tongue) when I look down too long or if I am in a bad sleeping position

-Interestingly, grey hair primarily on the right side of my head and on the back of the crown of my head

2023: Started having worsening high pitched tinnitus in both ears. Saw Audiologist/ENT. No cause found.

-Excessive thirst/feeling dehydrated at night. I wake up at night to drink ice cold water.

-Dehydration exacerbates my symptoms so I rarely drink alcohol and almost never at night. I am terrified of taking anything that will cause me to not be able to wake up (like sleeping pills or excessive alcohol).

2024: More trouble sleeping on my side which results in being able to hear my heartbeat so have to sleep on my back. I know when my head is in a bad position due to the pulsations in my ears. Started sleeping on my back and on many pillows all the time. Headaches over temples are severe after being asleep a few hours. Improve upon sitting up but return when I lay back down to sleep. Right neck discomfort just below the angle of the jaw with certain positions (chin down; turning my head to the right while looking down; or raising my right arm).

2025: -headaches are more severe.

-Cannot sleep on my side anymore because my heart rate drops.

-If I look down and to the right I get very dizzy fairly quickly.

-Numbness in tip and right side of tongue more pronounced

-Lifting right arm is uncomfortable to my neck and causes pressure in my face. I can do it for short amount of time.

-I believe I am getting about 4 hours of sleep per night. I sometimes fall asleep for about an hour on the sofa in the evenings after dinner. I cannot physically stay awake unless I am up and doing something.

I have had 3 episodes of severe upper abdominal pain with vomiting over the past 2 years. Lots of food in my stomach as if my stomach was not emptying at all.

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@Garden_Smurf so sorry that you’re experiencing all of these debilitating symptoms. 5 years is a long time to not have answers which unfortunately is the reality for many people with ES.

Did you happen to get a neck CT, or just the abdominal/chest CT? Your symptoms do sound like IJV compression but also maybe some carotid involvement - the heart rate drops especially when laying on your side makes me wonder if your ICA in particular is being compressed. Any pain or issues with swallowing? Any pain in or around your hyoid (throat bone)? Sometimes it can press into vascular structures in combination with styloids. Both of my styloids are compressing my IJVs, my left styloid is brushing against my ICA in certain head positions, and the left greater horn of my hyoid is in direct contact with my left ICA. I’m fairly certain that my ICA is responsible for my stroke-like symptoms (dizziness, weakness, disorientation) while my IJVs are causing my intracranial pressure symptoms (headaches, eye pressure, heavy head). You may have a couple things going on. Your stomach and HR symptoms are likely vagus nerve irritation or compression, which seems common with ES.

Really glad to hear you see Dr. Hepworth tomorrow. He seems well versed in the IJV side of things for sure.

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@TML - I was writing this post when your post landed on the forum & didn’t see yours till mine was up. I’m glad we’re on the same page as far as @Garden_Smurf’s symptoms go.

@Garden_Smurf - Welcome to our forum. I’m glad you have an appointment w/ Dr. Hepworth tomorrow & w/ Drs. Fargen & Hui in Aug. It sure sounds like you have compression of your internal jugular vein & maybe also of your internal &/or external carotid artery. Did the radiology report from your CT scan say anything about either of those being compressed?

As great as Dr. Hui & Dr. Fargen are, I believe they don’t do vascular decompression surgeries but do put in stents for compressed veins/arteries. Based on the information we’ve acquired over the years on this forum, stents are not really a good solution unless the vein/artery has been decompressed & absolutely won’t stay open on its own. Stents can travel away from the area where they are placed causing worse problems, & they can also cause chronic pain even if they stay in place.

Drs. Hepworth, Nakaji (Scottsdale, AZ), Costantino (White Plains, NY) & Cognetti (Philadelphia, PA) all do styloidectomies alongside vascular decompression surgeries which will give the vessels involved the opportunity to open on their own & prevent the need for a stent or stents.

It sounds like your vagus nerve is also being impacted along w/ the facial nerve, possibly trigeminal nerve, & glossopharyngeal nerve as those cause eye (facial/trigeminal), face (facial/trigeminal), throat (glossopharyngeal/vagus), & gastrointestinal symptoms (vagus). Getting your styloids cut back as close to the skull base as possible may allow your vascular tissues to decompress naturally but C1 may be contributing to compression & sometimes soft tissues (artery/vein, nerve, scar, lymph nodes) contribute, too. Those can all be dealt with during the decompression surgery/styloidectomy so your IJV/ICA, etc. is liberated & blood flow to & from your brain can return to normal.

Please let us know how your appt. w/ Dr. Hepworth goes tomorrow. I hope he is very helpful for you. :folded_hands: :heart_with_ribbon:

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Back in 2020 and 2021 I had a CT chest/abdomen which were normal. CT neck venogram done in 2021 with the head in the neutral position did show compression of the IJVs (right more than left). I tried to see Dr. Nakaji at Banner but it just didn’t work out at the time. I am considering seeing him in September since I have to be in Scottsdale for a meeting.

No pain in my throat or problems swallowing. Strangely, in 2019 I started experiencing gustatory rhinitis (nasal congestion and sneezing when I get full). Has anyone heard of this being associated with jugular venous compression? I don’t know if that is related.

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I absolutely do not want a stent placed as my first treatment. Only if surgery fails would I even consider it. Will update you on the visit and my scans (I am having a CT neck/head venogram and ultrasound tomorrow). Thanks for the rapid replies!

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Is Dr. Yakes doing your venogram? Dr. Hepworth sent me for angio/venograms last year. It was an interesting experience. I hope yours clarifies what’s going on. Expect to wait a while after you get to the hospital. I was scheduled at 11 & finally went in at 4 pm for the procedure. Sigh…

Sinus issues can be related to ES whether by nerve irritation or vascular compression can be unclear.

CT scans don’t show nerves so they won’t clarify anything that’s being caused by nerve damage or nerve compression. I possible nerve involvement because of the symptoms you mentioned you’d had & still have.

Good idea to see Dr. Nakaji now that he’s broken away from Banner & has his own practice. You might want to get that appt. scheduled sooner than later as he’s booking out a bit now, too.

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My provocative angio/venogram are with Dr. Fargen next week. He also does an LP. I understand it will be quite uncomfortable. Not looking forward to it at all.

Nakaji’s office requires updated imaging which is why i don’t have an appointment just yet. I will give them a call again after my scans are done this week.

Thanks for all the advice.

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I agree with the others’ views on possible causes for your symptoms, & am really pleased that you’re able to see Dr Hepworth & maybe Dr Nakaji later in the year, that’s good…
I had bilateral IJV compression; I didn’t have any of the face swelling but did get weird sensations like my brain was rolling/ sucking, & at times would wake up in a panic feeling awful & had to sit up like you describe, I sympathise with you! Before my surgery I slept in a recliner often… An LP was mentioned depending on what the CT showed, but it was obvious from that that both IJVs were pretty compressed, but I had made up my mind to refuse it, personally I’d do some research on it before you agree, there are risks, & all the vascular testing/ scans you’re having will show if there’s compression and signs of intracranial hypertension.
Hope your appointment goes well, & let us know how you get on please :hugs:

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Thanks, @Jules ! I think that Fargen wants to document intracranial hypertension and then relief of symptoms with the LP. It is probably just to show that the jugular compression is causing intracranial hypertension and further the research in this area. I agree that it may not really be necessary but I am willing to do it for the sake of research. I do research in a rare form of cancer so I know how important it is. But you are right…there are risks, albeit small.

What treatment did you have and how have you been since then?

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Fair enough if you’re okay with the testing :+1:
I had left styloidectomy first as that was my most symptomatic, and that relieved alot of the vascular symptoms, I felt so much better afterwards! I had the other side done a year after that. The vascular symptoms have pretty much gone now, unless very stressed or when I flew. I have a little nerve pain still & take Amitriptyline for, the tingling & numbness I used to get in my face have gone. That was about 10 years ago, I’ve been very lucky & would never have found out about IJV compression & the doctor who did my surgery in the UK without this site :folded_hands:

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Hi there…
Just a couple comments. With LP just make sure you don’t have Chiari 1. Many of us have it. Mine non symptomatic before my severe whiplash. The reason I say that is LP can cause the tonsils can extend further.
I had CTA with contrast with right and left rotation in Ft Lauderdale in May.
I have had consult with Nakaji. He was able to see my issues and now needs to see the Venogram. I found him to be very well versed on IJV and associated issues.
He thinks outside the box.
I have also had consult with Constantino and he saw the same CTA and he saw what he needed and said I did not need a further venogram as he was recommending decompression…so I think that speaks to the quality of the CTA. Having said all that I am seeing Neurosurgeon in August regarding any cranial sinus stenosis…if that has to be dealt with it would be after any decompression surgery as you are required to be on anti coagulation after that surgery for several months and would delay any IJV decompression…

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@Isaiah_40_31 I tried again to make an appointment with Dr. Nakaji. I’m having the same problem I had in 2021. I feel gaslighted when I call this office. I’m so frustrated and upset that I think I’m not going to go see him.

Last week Nicole told me to call back when I had updated scans. I called today and she tells me that she can’t make the appointment because the images need to be reviewed before the appt can be made. She the proceeds to tell me that his NP remembers me and said that I didn’t have a jugular compression. It is because of this office that I gave up and decided to live with this and now I’m 10 times worse. She also offered me a 30 minute telephone consult for $2500.

So my question for you and for others here @Bmmac, @Jules @TML
—is Nakaji worth it when I’m already seeing Hepworth, Fargen and Hui?

@Garden_Smurf I’m not sure who would be the best surgeon/expert to consult with, I think @Isaiah_40_31 may be best with that piece. I know Dr. David Cognetti is currently doing some initial ES consults for free (I have a free one scheduled with him), but he’s booking into January. I feel like Dr. Hepworth will give some solid information.

Do you happen to have on hand your CT venogram from 2021? Are you able to access any of your neck CT imaging? If so, you can share screenshots on here or a 3D reconstruction of your imaging and we can take a look through and see if we spot anything. I’m guessing the radiologist noted your IJV compression but it could be helpful for us to see the imaging!

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Well that is super frustrating. I know my images all from May 2025 were all sent in advance with report that was very clear diagnosis. Maybe mine were reviewed by the NP. I am assuming you have new images since 2021?
Your best bet is likely Hepworth , too bad as Nakaji was great to consult on this issue.
Seems most offices I have dealt with have the same issues with front end staff.
They take alot of finessing to say the least.

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@Bmmac, I may just scratch Nakaji off my list. I think I have PTSD from 2021 when I tried to go see him. I felt dismissed then and that led me to believe that there simply was nobody who could help me and maybe I could live sleeping sitting up for the rest of my life. I was only going to go see him this year because I have a business meeting in Scottsdale in September. Dealing with his office was such a bad experience that it may be best not to go.

I just came back from seeing Hepworth in Denver. It was nice to have someone not dismiss my symptoms. He had me get a CT angio/venogram and ultrasound but with the head in a neutral position (I have very bad symptoms with chin down and head turned to the right). It was really hard to lay down to get these scans done but I got it done. I felt so much pressure in my face and that made me super anxious. Anyway, it did show flattening of the right IJ at the level of C1 without stenosis. Left IJ looks ok. Surprisingly, it also showed calcifications in my right tonsil, aortic arch, carotid bifurcation (?both…doesn’t say), cavernous carotid arteries. Had it just been arterial calcifications I would have attributed it to my age but the tonsil leads me to believe that maybe the upper respiratory infection I had in May 2025 could have caused that. I think I had adenovirus. Since then my symptoms have really gotten much worse. Does this sound familiar to anyone?

PS, I see Dr. Fargen on Tuesday and will have a venogram (with different head positions) and LP on Wednesday.

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Sounds like a good plan. Good th know whats going on
Time to move on. The cerebral tonsil is calcified?
Did Hepworth have suggestions going forward?
Good luck with Fargen
:heart_eyes:

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@bmmac: My right tonsil in my throat is calcified. I think maybe from the viral infection in May.
Hepworth is going to call me this week since my scans were done after his visit.

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Got it. Well let us know what Hepworth says.
Wishing you some clarification :slightly_smiling_face:

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@Garden_Smurf - I’m really sorry about your experience w/ Dr. Nakaji’s office during round 2 of trying to get an appt w/ him. As I think I previously mentioned, you’re not the first to mention difficulties w/ his front office staff.

I’m really glad all went well w/ Dr. Hepworth, however, I must warn you that if you don’t have a specific appt. with him this week to chat about your scans, you may not get the call back that you’re anticipating. I really like Dr. Hepworth & am also his patient, but he & his office are awful w/ follow-through so the burden is always on the patient to make sure you are on his appointment calendar. I’ve learned the hard way never to leave his office w/o scheduling my next appointment as trying to do it later is an exercise in extreme frustration due to lack of, or very slow response, from the front office. I HOPE you do get a call though even if it’s not pre-scheduled.

It will be interesting to see what he says about the calcification in your tonsil & carotids & if those situations will require surgery or just watching.

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That’s so frustrating with Dr Nakaji’s office @Garden_Smurf ! I’m glad that you’ve been able to see Dr Hepworth, I hope that you hear back from him as it sounds like his office can be iffy too! It does sound like you might have to write off getting another opinion from Dr Nakaji…It’s obviously a long way to travel, but otherwise Dr Costantino has done quite a few decompression surgeries too.

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