What you see on the transverse process of your C-1 vertebra could be the osteophyte you’re looking for. The TPs of C-1 don’t typically look like a hook, but yours does. That could be causing at least some of the vascular problems you’re having. Most of your symptoms sound like they have vascular compression components.
I don’t know if you saw the posts @vdm made today, but here is the link to them as they may be relevant to you as your cervical spine looks pretty straight: Military Neck and effects on Vertebral Arteries
I must say that your ENT sounds like a great doctor. You must really appreciate how thorough he’s being & that he doesn’t want to jump in & do surgery until he’s sure he’s got the full picture of what’s going on in your vascular system. That makes a lot of sense though having to go through more testing may not be your first choice.
Reviewing the information that @GCD & @KoolDude gave you in the post you referenced reminded me that your situation is complex. I hope the doctors you’re seeing get to the bottom of what’s going on ASAP so your care can progress & you can begin recovering. 
