I have Eagle syndrome, but my symptoms are atypical. Should I have surgery? Help!

Hi everyone, my name is Javier, I’m 36 years old, and I’m writing this post to see if anyone here has experienced symptoms or a case similar to mine. I would really appreciate hearing about your experiences or opinions.

Here is a brief summary of my case:

About two and a half years ago, my life basically fell apart. One day, I suddenly developed pulsatile tinnitus in my left ear. Over time, the pulsatile tinnitus went away, but it turned into constant ringing in both ears. I also experienced some mild hearing loss.

Since then, I started feeling constant tension in my suboccipital area (the back of my neck). It never went away and has progressively gotten worse over time.

At one point, a dentist told me that she thought I might have Eagle syndrome. I was given an occlusal splint for bruxism, and the next day I started feeling sharp, stabbing sensations in my throat, similar to what people with Eagle syndrome describe. I assumed the splint had caused it. I tried wearing it again later, and my tinnitus became worse and my neck symptoms increased significantly.

I also struggle with health anxiety, so I honestly don’t know whether the splint actually triggered these symptoms or whether I may have been focusing on them and essentially somatizing them. This happened about a year ago.

My styloid processes are approximately 4 cm long on both sides. However, I don’t have any persistent throat pain, and I can move my neck normally without any significant restriction.

The symptoms that bother me the most are:

  • Tinnitus, which clearly seems to have a muscular component in addition to the hearing loss.

  • Constant tension in the back of my neck.

  • Whenever I try to stretch or exercise my neck, I experience horrible discomfort. I become dizzy, my facial muscles tighten, my ears feel blocked, and I sometimes get the characteristic sharp/stabbing sensations associated with Eagle syndrome.

  • If I avoid physical activity, my symptoms become less severe.

Despite that, my quality of life is still terrible. I also developed mild visual snow and photosensitivity, which seems to get worse whenever my neck symptoms flare up.

At this point, I have found a very good surgeon in Argentina who is willing to operate on me. However, because my symptoms are not typical for Eagle syndrome, he cannot guarantee that surgery will help. He would perform the surgery using an intraoral approach.

He reviewed my imaging and ruled out vascular compression caused by my styloid processes.

I’m currently also trying to determine whether bruxism could be contributing to all of this. I recently had Botox injections in my jaw because I’m basically stuck between two possibilities: either bruxism is causing most of my symptoms, or Eagle syndrome is. At least, that’s what I’m trying to figure out. Unfortunately, the Botox didn’t help me at all.

I’m honestly paralyzed and terrified about making this decision. I’m afraid I could undergo surgery and end up exactly where I am now, with absolutely no improvement.

If I knew for certain that I would simply remain the same as I am now, I would probably take the risk. But surgery obviously carries potential complications, and I’m not sure those risks are worth taking if Eagle syndrome isn’t actually the cause of my symptoms.

So, has anyone here had an atypical presentation of Eagle syndrome, without the classic or persistent throat pain, undergone surgery, and actually improved afterward?

I’d really appreciate hearing from anyone who has been in a similar situation.

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Hi @Javi47! Welcome to our forum! I can reassure you that your symptoms are NOT atypical for ES. All the symptoms you’ve mentioned are those we’ve seen numerous times here. Not having a sore throat is not atypical. I didn’t have a sore throat, but I had other awful symptoms. Any doctor that uses the “sore throat” symptom as a criterion for diagnosing ES isn’t very knowledgeable about ES. Symptoms that are intermittent i.e. come & go & come & go is also very typical of ES.

I’m sorry to say that I believe the surgeon you’ve seen has misdiagnosed you in that the symptoms that are the worst for you - tinnitus, hearing loss, occipital pain, dizziness, feeling like your ears are blocked, & visual snow are key identifiers of internal jugular vein (IJV) compression. It’s possible the compression isn’t visible if your diagnostic CT scan was done w/o contrast or if it was done only in a neutral head position. For some people, dynamic imaging (head turned L/R, looking up/down) is necessary to reveal IJV or carotid compression (your symptoms more likely point to IJV compression).

If you’re willing to post some of your images on the forum, I can annotate some of them for you to show you what I see. I’m not a doctor so the information I give you cannot be considered diagnostic, but it can be used for discussion with your doctor. It’s easiest to see what’s going on w/ the IJVs in the axial CT image at the level of C1, and in 3D images. You can convert your CT slices to 3D images using radiantviewer.com for PCs or Bee Dicom Viewer App for Macs. I feel pretty confident that your vascular compression will be visible & has simply been missed by the radiologist & the surgeon you’re considering.

Unfortunately, the intraoral surgical approach will not work to alleviate vascular symptoms & can be dangerous when vascular compression is present. A surgeon who does the transcervical (through the neck) approach & who cuts the styloid off above the C1 vertebra can provide a better outcome. Sometimes, the transverse process of C1 needs to be shaved back & there can also be soft tissues like muscle, nerve, vascular, fascia, scar or lymph nodes that contribute to or cause compression even if the styloid/C1 aren’t the cause, thus having a neurosurgeon present during surgery is sometimes necessary. The whole IJV needs to be looked at from skull base to collar bones. Occipital pain is caused by development of collateral veins which try to increase the blood flow out of the brain when it’s reduced due to IJV compression.

Deoxygenated blood & toxins flow out of the brain via the IJVs. Freshly oxygenated blood flows into the brain via the internal carotid arteries (ICAs). When the blood is able to flow into the brain faster than it’s exiting, a situation of intracranial hypertension (IH) occurs. It’s the IH that causes migraine level headaches, visual changes/visual snow/light sensitivity, tinnitus, & hearing loss. Only by having the IJVs decompressed so the blood flow cycle can normalize, do the symptoms reduce or resolve.

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I think @Isaiah_40_31 has given you good info there, and I totally agree that your symptoms sound like they could be due to Vascular ES… I didn’t have any swallowing or throat pain either. If you can post any images (remove any private info first) then we could possibly give you an idea of what’s going on… Some doctors will look at scans & do an online consultation for 200-300 dollars, like Dr Aghayev in Turkey, so this could be an option too before you make a definite decision. And intra-oral surgery isn’t the best option for vascular ES as @Isaiah_40_31 said.

There can be some similar symptoms with bruxism, but not the vascular ones, and given wearing the guard set more pain off for you, it sounds like the altered position of your jaw also altered the position of the styloids which then affected nerves in that area? So this might not have been due to your health anxiety at all.

The only thing I would say is that tinnitus seems to be one symptom which doesn’t always go after surgery, it’s best to be honest about this…

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Hi @Javi47 welcome to this fantastic forum. My symptoms are basically identical to yours. Pulsatile tinnitus, high pitch tinnitus and occipital pain. I also suffer from headaches. My left styloid is 3.5cm and I have been diagnosed with vascular ES with IJV compression from C1. I am currently waiting for a left styloidectomy and C1 transverse process resection under our NHS, so currently cannot say if this will help, but I am certainly hoping so.

I wish you all the best with getting a correct diagnosis.

Rosie

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I also suspected that it could be vascular Eagle syndrome. I’m attaching a couple of images, although I’m not exactly sure what I should be looking for.

I also had a Doppler ultrasound of the neck vessels performed in different positions by a professional who really took his time with the examination (it lasted around 50 minutes), and no abnormalities in blood flow were detected.

My impression is that it may be something more muscular, but I’m not sure whether Eagle syndrome could be causing this constant tension in my suboccipital region, bruxism, or something else entirely.

I’m posting the images here to get your opinions. The surgeon I’m seeing is Manuel Magaro, who practices at Hospital Italiano here in Argentina. I’ve heard excellent things about him from everyone I’ve spoken to, and he has a lot of experience with Eagle syndrome.

That said, I’m definitely going to investigate this thoroughly until I can determine whether there is a vascular component or not.

I tried to add images but the system says that I can’t add images sadly

Thank you very much for respond!

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@Javi47 - I just checked & for some reason your account didn’t update after you posted. I’ve manually fixed it so you can upload images of your CT scan. Please try again.

I’m glad you’re being careful not to jump into surgery without knowing the full picture of what’s causing your symptoms.

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Thank you very much!

here are some images that maybe can be usefull.

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I’m searching and this is the image at C1 level. The other are at C2 level.

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@Javi47 In this image you can see bilateral flattening of IJVs at C1

This one you can see how IJV gets very narrow between styloid and C1 and then opens wide up once it gets past.

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You definitely have IJV compression! It’s shown so clearly on the imaging how pinched the IJV is between the styloid & the C1 transverse process! I can’t label the images for you I’m afraid, but @Chrickychricky has posted the images which show it best… It does look like the C1 process is quite involved with the compression so you might need this shaved as well as a styloidectomy to get the best results… Is travelling and paying for surgery elsewhere at all an option for you, as I don’t think surgery with the doctor you’ve seen would help your situation at all sadly?

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Thanks for replying! I’m going to have these images reviewed by a specialist. I don’t understand how it could be so compressed if the dynamic Doppler ultrasound of my neck vessels didn’t show any noticeable changes in blood flow. I’ll definitely have this looked into. Thank you for pointing it out!

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The doppler ultrasound isn’t as accurate as some testing, but I’m surprised too that it wasn’t picked up, especially as you had it done dynamically…

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yeah. It’s weird. For more context, this is the inform that they gave me after the ultrasound:

Study: NECK VESSEL COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND

The common carotid arteries, carotid bulbs, internal and external carotid arteries, as well as the internal jugular veins, were evaluated under baseline conditions and during dynamic maneuvers (flexion, hyperextension, and bilateral cervical rotation) using color and pulsed-wave Doppler.

The intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries was measured.

Bilateral arterial findings:
The common, internal, and external carotid arteries show preserved patency, with no evident abnormalities of the arterial walls. Flow velocities and resistance indices are preserved, with no significant variations between the different positions evaluated.

During the dynamic maneuvers, no hemodynamic changes suggestive of extrinsic arterial compression were observed.

Right common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT): 0.41 mm.
Left common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT): 0.44 mm.

Bilateral venous findings:
The internal jugular veins are patent and compressible, with preserved phasic flow characteristics. During the dynamic maneuvers, they maintained their collapsibility, with no significant reduction in caliber or flow abnormalities observed.

Vertebral arteries:
Both vertebral arteries demonstrate preserved patency, physiological flow direction, and normal flow velocities.

Conclusion:
Color Doppler ultrasound of the carotid and vertebral arteries on both sides of the neck demonstrates preserved flow without hemodynamic abnormalities. No evidence of dynamic vascular compression was observed under the conditions evaluated.

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It sounds thorough to me, but I’m not an expert! Very puzzling…

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@Javi47 The imaging shows anatomy while the doppler shows hemodynamics. It would be possible that your anatomy isn’t necessarily impacting your flow. That being said, from what I have read, ultrasounds are least accurate measuring the J2 segment of the IJV due to other boney material in that area. The definitive test would be the IR venogram with manometry.

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@Javi47 - I’ve annotated several of your images & the only additional comment I have is that you have the oddest transverse processes of C1 I’ve seen. They’re wide & kind of square on the end. The TPs of your C2 vertebra each has a hole in it which is also something I haven’t seen before but it may be of no consequence as far as causing symptoms for you. @Jules & @Chrickychricky have given you good information to follow.

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Thank you so much for taking your time. Maybe those unusual shapes are because the study itself?

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They look to me (not a doctor) like it’s just they way they grew when your body was forming in the womb.

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I have a new update. I have the results of my study:

CT ANGIOGRAPHY OF NECK VESSELS AND BRAIN:

Study acquired in multislice helical mode following intravenous contrast administration via infusion pump, with MPR and 3D reconstruction.


NECK:

On the left side, compression with partial stenosis of the internal jugular vein (dominant) is observed between the styloid process and the corresponding lateral mass of the axis body. The corresponding internal carotid artery contacts the distal third of the aforementioned bony structure. The tip of that styloid process contacts the occipital branch of the external carotid artery without affecting its caliber.

On the right side, the internal carotid artery runs parallel to the corresponding styloid process, and the tip of that anatomical structure contacts the proximal segment of the superficial temporal artery, a branch of the ipsilateral external carotid artery.

Both common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries display normal morphology, caliber, and flow signal intensity. External carotid arteries and their branches are unremarkable. Both vertebral arteries show preserved flow and course. No hemodynamically significant stenoses are identified.


BRAIN:

Both internal carotid arteries, middle and anterior cerebral arteries and their branches, anterior and posterior communicating arteries show preserved flow, caliber, and course. The vertebral arteries, basilar trunk, posterior cerebral arteries and their branches, and the origin of the cerebellar peduncles show no abnormalities.


Conclusion: Pre-surgical workup — Eagle Syndrome.

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